AN EXAMINATION OF DOMESTIC WATER DEMAND AND SUPPLY A CASE STUDY OF ILORI, KWARA STATE
- Project Research
- 1-5 Chapters
- Quantitative
- Chi-Square
- Abstract : Available
- Table of Content: Available
- Reference Style: APA
- Recommended for : Student Researchers
- NGN 3000
Background of the study
Water is necessary for life, and its availability, usage, and spatial distribution are all linked to economic growth and societal progress. Aside from oxygen, water is essential to life; it is a cornerstone for human success because adequate and high-quality water supplies offer a framework for human social, economic, and cultural development (Ward, 1975, Young, 2006). The significance of water to man cannot be overstated; aside from shelter, food, and clothes, it is the most crucial advantage to man's subsistence (Ajadi, 1996) According to Amin and Mahmud (2011), it is widely acknowledged around the world that water is a critical resource for human survival and that it is a significant component in driving the advancement of civilization. Water is critical to maintaining the quality of life on Earth; the sustainability of socially sensitive items like water is dependent on the effective and efficient use of existing water resources. According to Amin and Mahmud (2011), the extensive use of water has increased globally, and the efficacy of supply side measures is questionable due to drastic increases in population, technological advancement, and economic growth; because the demand for water supplies is constantly increasing, numerous researchers have emphasized water demand management rather than supply side management. The water demand analysis in relation to water supply allows us to forecast how much the demand for water supplies will rise. Water demand is the amount of water produced by the treatment plant in order to fulfill all of the community's demands. Water demand comprises water sent to the system to fulfill customer demand, water supply for fire suppression, and system flushing. Water supply, on the other hand, refers to a system for collecting, transmitting, treating, storing, and distributing water. M. Admassu (1996). According to Amin (2007), the phrase "domestic water demand" refers to the amount of water required for various residential applications. Domestic water use varies according to consumer living levels in urban and rural settings. Drinking, meal preparation and cooking, washing clothing and utensils, home cleaning and polishing, vegetable planting, cattle watering, and other household usage may be subsidized. Access to secure and enough potable water supply is a basic human right, according to Adedayo and Ifabiyi (1999). They discovered that household water supply and demand in Ilorin are not consistent and vary greatly depending on location, climatic change, housing features, and socioeconomic indicators. Residential water demand is frequently shown to be a positive function of the number of people in the family, the size of the house, the kind of water-using equipment, and household income. They also observed that home water consumption is fast growing. While the possibilities for new water resource development in Ilorin municipal are limited, the infrastructure is in bad condition, underfunding by the government, and low revenue collection over the decades have hampered the government's capacity to discover, create, and maintain infrastructure. According to WHO/UNICEF (2000), 1.1 billion people do not have access to safe drinking water. Similarly, statistics given by the Nigeria Bureau of Statistics in 2006 indicated that just 51.4 percent of Nigerians have access to clean water, with only 43.4 percent having year-round access. According to Fabiyi and Ahmed (2011), one of the most pressing issues of global urbanization is water supply, due to its importance in natural health and economic growth. They observed that an essential part of urban water supply is the knowledge of household water demand, which is a complicated phenomena that fluctuates according to socioeconomic conditions. The study of water supply and demand in Nigeria has grown more important in a variety of ways. According to Fabiyi and Ahmed (2011), it was established that 71.1 million Nigerians resided in urban areas in 1990, 96.1 million in 1995, and 136 million in 2003, showing a major stress on water supply in Nigerian cities. Furthermore, according to a research by the Central Bank of Nigeria CBN (2004), 41 percent and 51 percent of Nigerians are children and females, respectively, implying that a relatively large number of Nigerians are prone to water-borne infections. According to Adedayo and Ifabiyi (1999), Ilorin central is a typical traditional city with a mix of traditional rural and industrial functions, where water supply is erratic, inefficient, rotational, and unreliable. They also reported that four additional public agencies, in addition to Agba and Asa Dam, are involved in water supply in the state. In the traditional portion of the city, UNICEF has 73 boreholes, EUMBP has 22 boreholes, KWAADP has 40 boreholes, and DFFRI has around 404 shallow and deep wells. Furthermore, they observed that pipe-borne water is only available on a few days of the week, and many residents must walk long distances to reach the nearest water sources in Ilorin. According to Oyebode (1991), 75% of respondents traveled 400-800 meters from their home to the nearest water source. Based on the number of days with running taps, 60.9 percent of respondents have water twice a week, 11 percent have water three times a week, and only 0.9 percent have water on a daily basis. According to Adedayo and Ifabiyi (1991), an investigation of the amount of water delivered vs the amount sought revealed that Ilorin faced a water shortage of up to 1,000,000 liters per capital day every year. According to Sule (2000), almost half of the Ilorin metropolis's population lacks access to a safe and portable water source. On the contrary, water supplied by delivery agency and its contamination level owing to poor sanitation are always devastating in terms of bad health, damaging their productive time, which in the long run might lead to a drop in income and an increase in disease breakout and poverty. According to Annad (2007), water competition has caused the collapse of water base biological systems, resulting in decreased river flows and large-scale ground water depletion. This increases the likelihood of violence inside and between countries, with rural communities bearing the brunt of the brunt. It has also been noted that, while the water crisis is seen as a general problem for the rural people, women bear the largest burden due to their societal gendered duties, which include seeking for and gathering water for homes. Barkingham (2000) agreed that access to water supply sources had a direct relationship with water consumption and allocation in the home. The distance traveled to obtain water determines this. According to WHO (2003) criteria, places with access to water of more than 1000m/more than 30min usage of total collecting time represent a significant hazard to human health (WHO, 2003). It was also claimed that in Uganda's Amona and Rakai districts, most people still do not have convenient access to water. This has had a negative influence on the status of women and children who are in charge of water collection. This is due to the fact that they must always go more than 1km to fetch water and carry it on their heads.
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